Editor in chief:冯宗炜
Inauguration:1981
International standard number:ISSN
Unified domestic issue:CN
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Zhang Yuandong , Liu Shirong , Ma Jiangming
2006, 26(9):2775-2781. DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2032(06)60041-3
Abstract:The water-holding functions of soils and ground covers in terms of moss and litters in the three major shrubs at different altitude gradients were studied using field investigation. The water-holding functions were measured and expressed with Biomass (t/hm2) of moss and litters, along with their maximal water holding capacity (MWHC, t/hm2) and maximal water holding rate (MWHR, %). The physical characteristics of the soils included bulk density, MWHC, capillary water holding capacity (CWHC), and least water holding capacity (LWHC). The result showed that Rhododendron przewalskii shrub exhibited the highest water-holding capacity among the three types. The average MWHC of the moss, litters, and at a depth of 0–40cm in R. przewalskii at different elevation gradients was 46.73,139.98 t/hm2, and 2216.92 t/hm2, respectively, whereas the average MWHC of the moss, litters, and soils in Quercus aquifolioides was 1.64, 72.08 t/hm2 and 2114.88 t/hm2, respectively. There was no moss in Quercus cocciferoides, and the average MWHC of litters and soils at a depth of 0–40 cm at different elevation gradients was 84.55 t/hm2 and 2062.83 t/hm2, respectively. The biomass and MWHC of the moss layer in R. przewalskii shrub significantly decreased with increasing elevation, whereas the reverse occurred in Q. aquifolioides before the maximum was reached at 3400 m, and then the SCM and MWHC decreased. MWHR of the moss layer in R. przewalskii was higher than that in Q. aquifolioides. The biomass and MWHC of the litters in R. przewalskii and Q. aquifolioides decreased with increasing elevation, whereas the reverse occurred in Q. cocciferoide. Regardless of shrub types, soil bulk density increased significantly with increasing soil depth, whereas MWHC decreased significantly with increasing soil depth. Significant decrease in CWHC and LWHC were found only in certain shrub communities. The MWHC with respect to the 0–40cm soil depth significantly decreased with increasing elevation only in R. przewalskii shrub, whereas there was no significant difference in MWHCs among the different elevation gradients for the other two types.
Fang Tao , Li Daoji , Yu Lihua , Gao Lei , Zhang Lihua
2006, 26(9):2783-2789. DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2032(06)60042-5
Abstract:In situ incubation experiments were conducted to investigate the phosphate uptake and the growth variations of nano- and picophytoplankton under controlled phosphorus concentrations and irradiances in Changjiang estuary and its adjacent sea in China. The results showed that the rates of phosphate uptake were accelerated at high levels (0.60 μmol/L) under the condition of 100% natural irradiance, and the cell densities of nanophytoplankton and Synechococcus spp. obviously increased, whereas picoeukaryote was adapted to low phosphate levels (0.25 μmol/L). Under low irradiance (50% of natural irradiance), uptake of phosphate was restrained at high levels, and the growth of both nanophytoplankton and Synechococcus spp. was also limited. Morerover, nanophytoplankton and Synechococcus spp. grew well at intermediate phosphate levels (0.41 μmol/L), whereas picoeukaryote grew well at low phosphate levels. In addition, the growth period of phytoplankton at intermediate phosphate levels was obviously prolonged, suggesting that the limitation of phytoplankton growth mainly reflected the changes during its growth period. In the absence of irradiance, the addition of phosphate did not affect the release rates of phosphate with a linear increase in the phytoplankton, whereas the growth rates of the phytoplankton showed an exponential decrease, which showed that phosphate regeneration was faster during day than during night; therefore, the irradiance was a significant factor that affected phosphorous biogeochemical cycle in the Changjiang estuary in China.
Liu Zhongjian , Liu Kewei , Chen Lijun , Lei Sipeng , Li Liqiang , Shi Xiaochun , Huang Laiqiang
2006, 26(9):2791-2799. DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2032(06)60043-7
Abstract:Paphiopedilum armeniacum is an endangered orchid species, endemic to China. During the period of April 2000 to October 2005, 66 observation sites were selected in Luoshapo of Nushan Mountains in Yunnan, China, to carry out the conservation ecological research on P. armeniacum. A total of 443 genets (1302 ramets in total) of P. armeniacum were sampled, their biological characteristics such as reproductive pattern, phenology, and life cycle were observed, and the ecological habits of the species such as the habitat and the structure of communities were studied. Experiments on ex-situ conservation were conducted, and the cloned ramets were replanted to their original habitat after ex-situ reproduction in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. The relationships between P. armeniacum and climate, vegetation, other environmental factors in the original habitat, and the biological characteristics of asexual offsprings of P. armeniacum, which were replanted to the original habitat after ex-situ cultivation and reproduction, were investigated. The studies show that P. armeniacum in Luoshapo grows very well in secondary shrub boskets or in tussocks on limestone hills. It has both sexual and asexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction serves to complete the sexual reproduction and to extend the lifetime of genets, while it does not reduce sexual reproduction. There are two modes of asexual reproduction-by tillering or by producing rhizomes. The litter of shrub boskets or tussocks provides P. armeniacum with humus, and the rhizome reproduction of P. armeniacum is an adaptation to the litter-covered condition, i.e. to escape from the unfavorable environment. Blooming rate of ramets is 7.39% 1.02%, and fruit set rate from the blooming ramets is 32.23% 12.08%. P. armeniacum is able to invade the moderately destroyed forests and those in early restoring but is unable to grow in large dense forests. P. armeniacum also grows very well in artificial spare woods in Shenzhen and can reproduce many cloned ramets, which can normally bloom and yield fruits after being replanted to the original habitat. The results of this study show that P. armeniacum can be conserved by ex-situ conservation and by replanting the ex-situ reproduced ramets to original habitat. On the basis of the analysis of endangered mechanisms of P. armeniacum, it can be concluded that P. armeniacum has strong capability of both asexual and sexual reproductions, and an emergency mechanism consisted of massive production of rhizomes to cope with damage. Because highly effective pollinating insects that facilitate pollination in P. armeniacum are present in the habitat, flowering ramets produce fruits with large quantity of seeds, many of which in turn grow into new genets that can reproduce many cloned ramets. P. armeniacum makes very effective use of its environment and has distinct characteristics of enduring harsh environmental conditions; therefore, rather than its own inherent biological defects, the main threats facing this species are the destruction of its survival space and the wipe-out collecting of the plants as a result of trading. Based on the analysis mentioned above, certain appropriate strategies have been proposed for the conservation of P. armeniacum.
Chen Peng , Ye Hui , Liu Jianhong
2006, 26(9):2801-2808. DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2032(06)60044-9
Abstract:Annual monitoring of the population dynamics of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) using methyl eugenol-baited traps was conducted throughout the year during 1997, 2000, 2003 and 2004 in Ruili, Yunnan Province, China. Temperature, rainfall and host-plant species were analyzed with respect to population fluctuation of the fly. During the study periods the fruit fly occurred throughout the year. Its population remained low from November to January and increased steadily from February until it reached a peak in June. Afterwards, the population declined until October. The results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that monthly mean temperature, monthly mean maximum temperature, monthly mean minimum temperature, monthly extreme maximum temperature, monthly extreme minimum temperature, and monthly raining days were the major climatic factors influencing populations. Path and decision coefficient analyses indicated that the monthly mean temperature was the crucial factor influencing population fluctuation, the monthly mean minimum temperature was the crucial limiting factor indirectly influencing increase in population, and the comprehensive factors influencing fly population dynamics, namely, the monthly raining days were the strongest of all the other factors. Generally, the monthly mean temperatures fell within the ranges of temperatures suitable for development and reproduction of the fly. But the monthly mean minimum temperatures from November to January seemed to be lower and were suggested to be responsible for the low populations in this period. Monthly rainfall and rainy days steadily increased from February through June, and this explained the increase in population observed during this period. During periods of continuous heavy rain from July through August, the fruit fly population showed a remarkable decrease. Host plant species was another essential factor influencing the population fluctuations. Abundant fruit and melon species formed the food and breeding materials for the fly during the study periods.
Ma Mingdong , Jiang Hong , Liu Shirong , Zhu Chunquan , Liu Yuejian , Wang Jinxi
2006, 26(9):2810-2815. DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2032(06)60045-0
Abstract:The estimation of site index and site quality forms the fundamental theory and basic tools in forest-ecosystem management and silviculture practice. The study on the spatial pattern and temporal dynamics of site index and site quality of forest ecosystem still lacks technological advancement. It is a novel approach for estimating forest productivity in large areas using satellite remote-sensed data. The site-index spatial distribution pattern of spruce (Picea asperata) forest in Songpan-Zhengjiangguan watershed, northwestern Sichuan Province, China, was described using the remote-sensing vegetation index application and the established inverse models. The application potential of the methodology in broad regions and forests using the accuracy assessment was evaluated. The results show that the site index of the spruce forest is in linear correlation with the remote-sensed vegetation indices (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil adjust NDVI (TNDVI)), as well as with these inverse models with high accuracy. This study demonstrated that this approach can be used in similar estimation of different forest ecosystems.
Editor in chief:冯宗炜
Inauguration:1981
International standard number:ISSN
Unified domestic issue:CN