In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the frequency of drought-flood abrupt alteration events at the global scale, coinciding with a rise in temperature. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the third largest urban agglomeration and an important food production area in China, is particularly susceptible to the impacts of drought-flood abrupt alternation events. It is of great significance to characterize the spatial and temporal features of the event and assess the risk of disaster in order to prevent and control the event. In this paper, we employ a hydrological spatio-temporal evolution research method and disaster risk system, in conjunction with the Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function (REOF) method, Gini coefficient, and other analytical techniques, a complete system for analyzing the characteristics of rapid transition from drought to flood events and assessing their disaster risks was constructed and applied to the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The characteristics of rapid transition from drought to flood events in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region were depicted, the evolution trend of such events was analyzed, and the risk level of rapid transition from drought to flood events was evaluated, providing a scientific basis for the high-quality development of the region and the prevention of rapid transition from drought to flood disasters. The findings indicate that: (1) The intensity of drought-flood abrupt alternation events exhibits a notable upward trajectory across multiple temporal scales in the historical period, underscoring the heightened risk of drought and flood emergencies in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. (2) The seasonal distribution of drought-flood abrupt alternation events exhibits a high level during the summer and autumn months and a low level during the spring and winter. Additionally, the geographic focus of these events has shifted from the west to the east over the course of the year. (3) The risk of drought-flood abrupt alternation is higher in Shijiazhuang City and Cangzhou City, and lower along the Taihang-Yanshan Mountain Range. The overall spatial distribution characteristics of this phenomenon are as follows: high in the north and low in the south, and high in the east and low in the west. Among them, the disaster risk associated with the transition from drought to flood is greater than that from flood to drought. (4) The distribution of the elements and risks of drought-flood abrupt alternation is relatively balanced, although some populations experience abnormally high values. This study elucidates the development pattern of drought-flood abrupt alternation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, thereby providing a reference for drought-flood abrupt alternation disaster prevention and risk avoidance.