The rapid development of urbanization has led to the continuous expansion of population in urban areas of big cities, and the demand for urban public service facilities represented by urban parks has sharply increased. However, spatial inequality issues such as poor coordination between park green space resources and population, low allocation efficiency, and difficulty in meeting diverse needs in service quality have become increasingly prominent. In order to improve the spatial efficiency of optimizing the spatial fairness of urban parks, this article took 27 urban parks in Longgang District, Shenzhen as an example, and used spatial syntax (sDNA) and Moran's index analysis to accurately measure the spatial fairness characteristics of urban parks in Longgang District from three aspects: proximity, traversal, and spatial agglomeration differences. The results have indicated that there was a spatial mismatch between urban parks and population distribution in Longgang District, and the matching between urban parks and the needs of urban residents was poor; The proximity of Longgang District showed a trend of "strong in the south and weak in the north, strong in the west and weak in the east", and the regional development was not coordinated; The overall passability of the road network structure in Longgang District's urban parks was poor, with the central area significantly higher than other surrounding areas; the spatial agglomeration differences of urban parks showed significant differences in global and local proximity spatial agglomeration, obvious advantages in the central area, and unclear spatial agglomeration trends in terms of traversal. In the future development of urban parks in Longgang District, the basic road network structure should be optimized, the road network density should be increased, the connection methods between different levels of road networks should be enriched, and the quality of parks should be improved to increase their spatial fairness level, enhance the efficiency and coordination of urban park space services, and match the degree of population distribution. This study will provide new ideas for the construction of Shenzhen's park city and the planning of Longgang District's park system.