Assessing the long-term responses of forest aboveground carbon storage (ACS) to forest management measures under climate change is vital for achieving the carbon neutrality goal in China. The traditional methods (e.g., biomass, remote sensing, and carbon flux methods) lack the expression of the long-term succession process of forest ecosystems under the impact of climate change, forest fire, and forest management measures. They fail to disclose the joint effects of forest disturbance and management on long-term forest carbon storage in the western Sichuan Province under climate change. In order to address the limitations of biomass methods, in this study, we used the west of Sichuan Province as an example, a climate change-sensitive region, to predict forest ACS and carbon density dynamics under natural and artificial restoration scenarios (a combination of forest disturbance and forest management measures) from 2020 to 2070 by the forest landscape model (LANDIS PRO) and Photosynthesis and EvapoTranspiration-II (PnET-II) model. The optimal forest management measure to improve forest ACS was identified by comparing future forest carbon storage in western Sichuan Province under various forest restoration measures. Under the natural recovery scenario, the forest ACS will significantly increase from 466.99Tg in 2020 to 780.96Tg in 2070. That is a 67.23% increase in forest carbon storage. The mature and overmature evergreen coniferous forests (e.g., spruce and fir) are the main contributors to forest ACS in the western Sichuan Province. However, forest carbon density will remain stable and even decrease after the middle 21^st century under the natural restoration scenario. Contrarily, the decline in forest carbon density is reversed under artificial restoration scenarios. Among the multiple combined scenarios of forest disturbances and forest management measures, the forest ACS and carbon density are highest and consistently increase when the ratio of forest disturbance area is 1%/10a and the ratio of forest management area is 2%/10a. The forest ACS and carbon density will be 807.76 Tg and 33.33 Mg/hm² in 2070, 72.97% and 12.21% higher than 2020, respectively. The forest ACS and carbon density under this artificial restoration scenario are 3.4% and 8.5% higher than that of the natural restoration scenario in 2070, respectively. Our results provide effective scientific support for adaptive forest management under climate change to reach the carbon neutrality goal. Therefore, proper artificial restoration measures can break the bottleneck of natural recovery in forest carbon storage capacity and sustain the increase in forest carbon storage under future climate in the western Sichuan Province.