China has established a "Trinity" ecosystem protection system encompassing ecological space, ecological systems, and specific regions. This system is characterized by three distinct characteristics, which contains comprehensive and systematic protection, harmonizing protection with development, and multi-stakeholder governance & collaborative protection. Its objective is to ensure comprehensive protection of the quantity, quality, and services of ecosystems. In terms of ecological space protection, China has successfully transitioned from exclusively focusing on the protection of ecological space to implementing a comprehensive management and control strategy that encompasses ecological, agricultural, and urban spaces. This integrated approach effectively addresses the issue of encroachment on ecological space, targeting its root cause. For key ecological systems, the emphasis has shifted from managing solely the resource aspects to a holistic management approach that includes both resource and ecological aspects of these systems. This fundamental transformation has effectively enhanced the quality of ecological systems, the capacity for supplying ecological products, and the sustainable utilization of natural resources. For specific regions, there has been a transformation from the protection of individual elements in separate zones to a more coordinated approach that involves regional protection, the coordinated protection of elements, integrated protection of social, economic, and ecological environments, and pluralistic governance. In response to the strategic imperatives of ecological civilization and the development of an aesthetically pleasing China in the modern era, there is still a need for further enhancement of China's ecological protection system. This improvement is particularly essential in three key areas: the imperative need to establish or formulate fundamental legislation for ecological protection, enhance the alignment between major policies and ecological protection systems, and expedite the establishment of a new era institutional framework based on innovative concepts.