The evaluation of the effectiveness of ecological protection and restoration is not only necessary for the performance evaluation of ecological civilization construction in the new era, but also a challenge and cutting-edge issue facing the international ecological field. In order to scientifically evaluate the effectiveness of ecological protection and restoration, overcome the shortcomings of existing functional indicators and indicator threshold settings, this article analyzes the trend of FVC and LAI changes and spatial clustering characteristics in Sichuan Province in the past 10 years. Based on spatial and temporal dimensions, five characteristic zones of vegetation functional traits are established, and an expected score standard value table is developed. A protection effectiveness evaluation based on expected growth is carried out. The results show that: (1) In the past 10 years, FVC and LAI in Sichuan Province have shown an overall growth trend, and the spatial differentiation of growth patterns is in line with the overall binary climate framework of the western Sichuan Plateau climate zone and the eastern central subtropical climate zone in Sichuan Province, and also corresponds to the distribution of zonal vegetation in Sichuan Province. The areas with extremely low growth values of FVC and LAI (P<0.01) are mainly located in the mountainous areas of the northwest Sichuan Plateau, within the borders of Aba Prefecture and Ganzi Prefecture. In the subtropical climate zone of eastern Sichuan, the FVC and LAI of the evergreen broad-leaved forest in the basin edge mountainous areas and the evergreen broad-leaved forest in southwestern Sichuan are in high growth areas. The different growth performances of the two in agricultural vegetation areas such as the Sichuan Basin and southwestern mountainous areas reflect the comprehensive effects of climate, zonal vegetation, and human activities, as well as the differential responses of FVC and LAI to the above comprehensive effects. (2) From 2021 to 2022, LAI-Kq in Sichuan Province remained basically stable, while FVC-Kq remained generally stable (P>0.05), with significant declines in various cities (P<0.05). The ecological protection effectiveness level in Sichuan Province was basically stable. (3) For areas with different protection intensities, from 2021 to 2022, the FVC-Kq within the ecological protection red line is lower than that outside the ecological protection red line, and the FVC-Kq within the ecological protection red line belongs to the protected area is lower than that outside the protected area. The impact of different protection intensities within and outside the ecological protection red line on LAI-Kq is relatively small. (4) The FVC single indicator is difficult to make accurate judgments on the improvement of ecological environment quality under specific conditions, and the addition of LAI indicator helps to improve the reliability of evaluation conclusions. Based on the logistic population growth model, a multi index expression framework for FVC and LAI ecological quality changes has been preliminarily proposed. In the future, more detailed feature index selection schemes and vegetation functional trait zoning should be developed, and population growth characteristics and functional index response characteristics should be partitioned to improve the multi index expression ability of ecological quality changes.