In order to analyze the direct impact of land use on the terrestrial driving of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in rivers and the indirect impact of trophic status driving. Based on land use data, water quality trophicl status data and DOM component data, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-VIS) and three-dimensional fluorescence-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) were used to explore the characteristics of DOM components in Pengxi River Basin of the Three Gorges Reservoir area in August 2022 (wet season), and partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) was used to quantify the direct impact of land use on DOM and the indirect impact of trophic status on DOM at multiple spatial scales (i.e., watershed, 1000 m reach buffer zone, and 500 m riparian buffer zone scales). The results showed that : (1) Three main fluorescent components were detected in the watershed, and humic-like substances were the main components. The DOM in the watershed was affected by both terrestrial input and autochthonous production. (2) On the whole, the direct effect of land use on the terrestrial driving of riverine DOM was less than the indirect effect of trophic status driving, in which dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) were more sensitive to autochthonous production. Fluorescence dissolved organic matter (FDOM) is more sensitive to terrestrial input.(3) Paddy fields and canals had a greater direct impact on the trophic driving of DOM. Reservoir ponds, shrub forests and medium-coverage grasslands had a greater indirect impact on the trophic driving of DOM. Patch density (PD) and patch cohesion index (COHESION) had a greater direct impact on the terrestrial driving of DOM and an indirect impact on the trophict driving of DOM. (4) The direct impacts of land use on terrigenous driving of different2 DOM fractions were different, and the indirect effects of trophic status driving were more significant in watershed. The direct impact of individual land use indicators (e.g., paddy field, open forest land, other forest land and PD) on the terrestrial drive of riverine DOM was mostly the largest in the 500 m riparian buffer zone, and the indirect impact on the trophic drive (e.g., paddy field, shrub forest, medium coverage grassland and canal) was mostly the largest in the watershed. This study reveals the influence mechanism of human activities on riverine DOM, and provides important theoretical support for scientific planning of land use pattern and effective regulation of water ecological environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.