Under the dual pressures of robust economic growth and a burgeoning population, the geographical disjunction between the supply and the consumption of ecosystem services has become increasingly accentuated. This divergence underscores the urgent necessity for more refined and precise ecological management strategies. Traditional methodologies employed for delineating protected areas have not sufficiently addressed the dynamic and intricate nature of ecosystem services. This study places a significant emphasis on the mobility of ecosystem services and explores their distance decay characteristics. By harnessing the capabilities of complex network analysis, a robust framework for delineating ecological protection areas based on the supply capacity of ecosystem services has been meticulously developed. Using Hubei Province as a comprehensive case study, this research meticulously focuses on the regulation of urban ecosystem service functions and integrates ecosystem service flows to construct an extensive and comprehensive supply network. Employing sophisticated network structure analysis and advanced clustering algorithms, the study effectively pinpoints crucial areas requiring stringent ecological management. The results from this detailed analysis reveal that the ecosystem service network in Hubei Province exhibits a complex, multi-layered structure, characterized by significant variability in service supply capacity and control functions across diverse spatial nodes. This intricate structure notably highlights the complex interactions between service supply and demand. More specifically, the provision of ecosystem services is notably higher in the western regions of the province and markedly lower in the eastern regions, while the demand for these services is predominantly concentrated in the highly urbanized central regions. The network is characterized by issues such as pronounced imbalances, an uneven distribution of pivotal nodes, and challenges related to connectivity and stability. In particular, the low connectivity observed in the central region may impose significant restrictions on the flow and overall efficiency of ecosystem services. In response to these critical issues, the study delineates priority conservation patterns for ecosystem services and establishes a comprehensive guidance framework. This innovative framework categorizes Hubei Province into several distinct zones: ecological reserves, connectivity zones, enhancement areas, human-environment coordination zones, and ecological restoration areas. Overall, the methodology proposed in this research not only unveils the spatial flow patterns of ecosystem services within the region but also provides a robust, quantitative assessment of the ecosystem service supply network. The insightful research results furnish a solid scientific basis for ecological protection and resource allocation in Hubei Province. Furthermore, they offer an implementable work pathway and a set of policy references for cross-regional ecological resource management and the formulation of sustainable ecological balance strategies, thus contributing significantly to the field of ecological conservation.