The introduction of genetically modified crops with beneficial target genes into conventional crops can provide sustainable agricultural and economic benefits for human society, but the environmental safety problems that may be brought about by its large-scale cultivation have been widely concerned. In this study, HGK60, a transgenic maize with Cry1Ah gene, and Zheng 58, a control conventional maize, were investigated in seedling stage, bell stage, heading stage and full ripe stage from 2019 to 2021 by direct observation method, trap investigation method and net sweeping method, and their community composition, ecological indices, community similarity and stability were analyzed. Results showed that: (1) A total of 48746 individuals of 124 species belonging to 11 orders and 40 families were obtained. Except for the neutral group at heading stage in 2019, there was no significant difference in the number of individuals and species between HGK60 and Zheng 58 in the four groups of herbivorous, predatory, parasitic and neutral (P > 0.05). Moreover, the number of individuals and species of different group accounted for the same proportion at each growth period in 3 years. (2) The analysis of richness index, shannon index, dominance index and evenness index showed that there was no significant difference between HGK60 and Zheng 58 at each growth period in 3 years (P > 0.05), and it was concluded that the planting of HGK60 had no significant effect on the ecological indices of arthropods in the field. (3) From the perspective of the whole and each trophic group, the similarity coefficient of HGK60 and Zheng 58 was higher, and it was believed that the arthropod community composition of HGK60 and Zheng 58 was similar. (4) The planting of HGK60 had no significant effect on the relative stability of arthropod communities (P > 0.05). Overall, the planting of HGK60 had little effect on the biodiversity of arthropod communities in the fields. The results provide data support for further research on the environmental risks of genetically modified crops.