Wetlands are a unique ecosystem formed by the interaction of water and land, and have the function of maintaining different plant community types, and greatly promote species richness of the region. Wetlands are important for preserve biological balance, water and carbon cycle regulation, control the climate, biological diversity and economic value. As a result, wetlands are becoming a popular topic for biodiversity conservation study. However, due to the effects of climate change and human activity, wetlands have demonstrated some degree of deterioration and have emerged as one of the most vulnerable ecosystems. In recent years, due to the vulnerability of alpine wetlands, sensitivity to climate change and increasing human activities, alpine wetlands are facing a severe situation of degradation and succession, and biodiversity is threatened. However, there is no consensus on how the loss of biodiversity caused by alpine wetland degradation affects ecosystem functions. Therefore, this paper chooses the wetland of the first meander of the Yellow River was selected as the research object. In July-August 2021, a total of 52 sample plots were investigated every five kilometers at the boundary of the wetland reserve. Soil characteristics were analyzed, including soil pH (pH), soil water content (SWC), Electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and four kinds of plant community diversity index(Patrick index、Shannon-Weiner index、Pielou index、Simpson index) was selected. Thus, the geographical distribution pattern of plant species variety and aboveground biomass, as well as its correlation with soil variables, were examined using data from field sampling and the plant community diversity index. The findings indicated that the wetland has undergone some degree of deterioration. Compositae and Gramineae made up the majority of the plant community, whereas Cyperaceae and Leguminosae plants were few. Plant communities' species diversity and aboveground biomass did not significantly alter along latitude, longitude, or altitude gradients. Aboveground biomass was strongly positively linked with both the Patrick richness index (R) and Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H), showing that the preservation of plant diversity in the reserve was helpful for preserving production. A crucial component of alpine wetland vegetation restoration and reconstruction, soil water content significantly correlated with variety index and influences the community structure of the vegetation in these areas. The findings provide a scientific foundation for the restoration of degraded ecosystem functions and the preservation of biodiversity in the alpine wetland. They also have some reference value for understanding the spatial differentiation of plant biomass, species diversity, and soil factors in the alpine wetland of the Yellow River.