Revealing the mechanism of landscape pattern on ecosystem service trade-offs is of great significance for the sustainable management of multiple ecosystem services. The Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi is arid with little rainfall, low vegetation cover, fragile ecological environment, and serious water and soil loss. Since the Green for Grain Project, the land use pattern and structure have changed significantly, while prompting changes in ecosystem services, which provides conditions for exploring the relationship between landscape pattern and ecosystem service interactions. Based on the evaluation of the temporal and spatial patterns of 5 ecosystem services in the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi from 2000 to 2020, including grain provision, water conservation, soil conservation, habitat quality and landscape aesthetics, the correlation coefficient and root mean square error were used to measure the trade-off intensity. The difference in the impacts of landscape composition and landscape configuration on the ecosystem service trade-offs were quantified by the R-index model and variation partitioning method. The results showed that:1) from 2000 to 2020, 5 ecosystem services in the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi showed an overall upward trend, with grain provision higher in the north and lower in the south, water conservation, soil conservation, habitat quality and landscape aesthetics higher in the south and lower in the north. 2) The interrelationships among the five ecosystem services were mainly expressed as an overall decreasing trend in the intensity of synergy between water conservation, soil conservation, habitat quality and landscape aesthetics, and an increasing trend in the intensity of trade-offs between grain provision and water conservation, soil conservation, habitat quality and landscape aesthetics. 3) Grain provision-water conservation, grain provision-soil conservation, grain provision-habitat quality, and grain provision-landscape aesthetics were significantly more influenced by the landscape composition indices than the landscape configuration indices, with a strong positive influence of patch richness and a strong negative influence of patch area and percentage of landscape. 4) The individual contribution of landscape composition to each trade-off was higher than that of landscape configuration, in most cases, trade-off intensity was dominated by the joint action of composition and configuration. Among them, the landscape indices explained the grain provision-habitat quality to the greatest extent and the grain provision-water conservation to the least extent. From the perspective of landscape management, the study provides a scientific basis for optimizing the trade-offs between ecosystem services and enhancing the potential supply capacity of ecosystem services on the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi.