Based on the quantitative data of macrobenthos in 48 sites, Changjiang River estuary from 2011 to 2020, the benthos community structure variation and spatial distribution were analyzed. It indicated that there were 284 species macrobenthos in Changjiang River estuary in past 10 years. It included 128 species of Polychaeta with the total percentage of 45.1%, 64 species of Crustacean with the total percentage of 22.2%, 56 species of Granulifusus kiranus with the total percentage of 19.7%, 16 species of Echinodermata with the total percentage of 5.6%, and 20 species of others. The average density was (79.5±45.9) ind/m²(interannual ranges was 14.7-195 ind/m²). The average biomass was (5.20±3.25) g/m² (interannual ranges was 1.01-10.11 g/m²). The species number, density and biomass increased significantly in the past decade, while sea area made a great contribution. The dominant species were very different in four areas (North branch, South branch, Hangzhou bay, and Sea area). Heteromastus filiformis was the dominant species with the highest frequency of occurrence in every year. Overall, the variation of macrobenthos community structure became better in Changjiang River estuary. Three diversity indexes indicated that the level of biodiversity in sea area was significantly higher than in other three areas. The lower diversity closely related to sediment types, Changjiang runoff hydrodynamics and engineering disturbance etc. Making the Abundance Biomass Comparison Curve (ABC curve), with the easternmost section (3 sites) in the sea area, the macrobenthos community structure was relatively stable and no clearly disruptions during the decade.