Schima superba is one of the common fast-growing and broad-leaved fire-resistant trees in southern China. It plays an important role in ecological restoration and maintaining environmental stability. Therefore, it is of great significance to predict the change of its potential suitable area. Based on Maxent model, combined with 158 effective distribution records of S. superba in China and 8 selected bioclimatic variables, this study predicts the potential distribution areas of S. superba are predicted under three climate emission concentration scenarios of modern S. superba and 2041-2060. The reliability of Maxent model is judged by the area of under the receiver operator characteristic curves. The important climate factors restricting the geographical distribution of S. superba were analyzed and discussed by integrating the percent contribution, permutation importance and Jackknife test of climate factors. The results show that:(1) the AUC values of Maxent model training and test data are 0.936±0.001 and 0.943±0.008, respectively, indicating that the prediction accuracy of the model is very high. (2) The total suitable area of potential geographical distribution of modern S. superba is 198.87×10⁴ km², accounting for 20.7% of China's total land area. It mainly locates in most areas south of the Yangtze River, including Fujian, Zhejiang, Taiwan, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Chongqing, and some areas of Sichuan, Henan and Anhui. (3) The important bioclimatic factors restricting the potential geographical distribution of S. superba are precipitation factors and temperature factors. The annual precipitation is 800-2500 mm. The precipitation of the driest month is 26-214 mm and the precipitation of the wettest quarter is 590-1030 mm. The range of annual temperature is 8.5-28℃. (4) The suitable area of S. superba simulated by Maxent model is larger than its actual distribution area, suggesting that S. superba plantation has great development potential in the future. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the collection of wood lotus germplasm resources and plantation of S. superba. They are of strategic importance for maintaining regional ecosystem security and stability, mitigating climate change, and achieving carbon neutrality targets by 2060.