Overgrazing has led to the gradual loss of the carbon sink function of the alpine wetland in Northwest Yunnan. As an effective wetland restoration method, the fenced grazing prohibition has not been studied on its impact on the soil carbon pool in the alpine wetland in Northwest Yunnan. In order to explore the impact of the fenced grazing prohibition on soil active organic carbon in the alpine wetland in Northwest Yunnan, the different grazing prohibition periods (no grazing, grazing prohibition for 3 years, grazing prohibition for 8 years, and grazing prohibition for 10 years) meadows and swampy meadows were used in the Napahai Wetland. Meadows and swamps are used as the research objects to compare and analyze the content characteristics of the total organic carbon (TOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), easily oxidizable carbon (EOC), and total organic carbon (TOC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC). The results of the study showed that with the increase of the grazing prohibition period (<10 a), the soil TOC, DOC, EOC, and MBC contents of meadows and swampy meadows increased significantly (P<0.05); with the increase of soil depth, the contents of TOC, EOC and MBC in meadows and swampy meadows soil gradually decreased, while the contents of POC and DOC gradually increased. The physical and chemical properties of soil significantly affected the content of each component of soil active organic carbon, and TN was the dominant factor affecting the content of each component of soil active organic carbon in meadows and swamp meadows. The fenced grazing prohibition is beneficial to the restoration of soil quality and carbon sequestration capacity in the alpine wetland in northwest Yunnan, and the restoration effect is more obvious with the increase of grazing prohibition years. The restoration effect of Napa Sea swampy meadow soil was more significant than that of meadow soil in the same restoration period. This study can provide a theoretical basis for grazing wetland restoration research.