Abstract:Ecosystem service bundles are a combination of multiple ecosystem services. Understanding the ecosystem service bundles and their ecological-social-economic driving factors is significant for identifying the internal interdependence mechanism of ecosystem services and realizing the benign interactions among multiple ecosystem services. Presently, identification of ecosystem service bundles has been extensively explored, but understanding of the dynamic process and influence mechanism of the interaction between multiple ecosystem services is not sufficiently comprehensive. Aiming at the current situation of insufficient research on the dynamic evolution analysis of interactions among various ecosystem services and their social-ecological driving mechanism, this study took the important coastal city of northern China-Dalian as an example, using six key services, including food supply, water conservation, carbon sequestration and oxygen production, soil conservation, habitat quality, and landscape aesthetics. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to explore the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services. The self-organizing map methods were used to identify ecosystem service bundles. The temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics of the interactions of multiple ecosystem services were explored based on Geo-Detector to identify the influencing factors of its spatial differentiation. The results showed that:1) there was a significant trade off relationship between food supply and soil conservation (the annual average correlation coefficient was -0.45); additionally, there was a strongly significant synergistic relationship between soil conservation and landscape aesthetics (the average annual correlation coefficient was 0.5). 2) the spatial pattern of ecological conservation bundle in Dalian from 2005 to 2015 was relatively stable, and the trajectories of water conservation bundle, food supply bundle, and service exhaustion bundle changed significantly, while urban expansion was consistent with the evolution of service exhaustion bundle. 3) Elevation and normalized vegetation index were the key natural factors that affected the spatial differentiation of ecosystem service bundles. Land use intensity index and GDP per land were the main socio-economic factors that affected the evolution of its spatial pattern. The interaction between different factors would strengthen the understanding of the spatial differentiation characteristics of ecosystem service bundles, and the interpretation of the spatial differentiation of ecosystem service bundles; particularly, the interaction between social-economic factors and ecological factors had a significant impact on the evolution of the spatial pattern of ecosystem service bundles. Further research on the interaction of ecosystem services based on ecosystem service bundles can provide a scientific basis for regional formulation of targeted land development and ecological protection planning.