The rapid urbanization process has led to the fragmentation and the declining in the connectivity of forest landscapes, which seriously threatened the sustainable development of regions, including the maintenance of biodiversity and ecological service. The construction of ecological network is an effective means to improve the connectivity of landscape, maintain the spread of species, and thus protect biodiversity. Taking Fujian Province as a case, the Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) was employed to explore the dynamic changes of forest landscape structure in 2000, 2010 and 2020. Then, the appropriate distance threshold of patch connectivity was determined according to the number of components (NC) and the integral index of connectivity (IIC). On this basis, the probability connectivity index (PC) was calculated to identify the ecological sources. Then, from the perspective of human-land relationship, the factors including the distance from road network, distance from construction land, land cover type, and slope, were selected to construct the comprehensive resistance surface, which reflects the degree of obstruction for the species travelling between the ecological sources (i.e., core forest patches). To this end, the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model was adopted to extract the preliminary ecological corridors, which was ranked and filtered subsequently by the PC values. Finally, based on the graph theory method, the quantitative evaluation of the ecological network α, β, and γ index were carried out. The results show that:(1) the forest landscape structure in Fujian Province has been relatively stable in the past 20 years, of which the core area accounted for 76.27% of the total landscape area, but it still tended to fragmentation to a certain degree; (2) According to the results of NC and IIC, the PC value was calculated with a distance threshold of 500 meters, and 15 ecological sources were identified, which were mostly in the western and northern regions of Fujian; (3) 105 ecological corridors were extracted by MCR model, of which 27 were important corridors, which were evenly distributed and extended in all directions across the study area; (4) The ecological corridors and land use were superimposed to obtain the proportion of the corridors passing through each landscape type, of which the forests and grasslands less disturbed by humans accounted for more than 85%, the cultivated land accounted for 12%, while the construction land and unused land strongly disturbed by humans accounted for less than 1%; (5) Totally, 62 ecological nodes were identified, and the ecological network structure index α, β and γ were 0.37, 1.69 and 0.58, respectively, indicating that the reasonability of the network structure and the goodness in the network connectivity. The results can shed a light on the construction of the ecological security pattern in Fujian Province from a holistic perspective, and provide a scientific basis for biodiversity conservation at the provincial scale with the limited land resources.