The Yangtze River Basin is China's economic center and ecological conservation area. Revealing its ecosystem service value's historical evolution and development trend is of great significance to maintain the sustainable development of the Yangtze River Basin's eco-economic system. Based on the annual land use data of the Yangtze River Basin from 1992 to 2018, the evaluation model of ecosystem service value (ESV) based on the revised coefficient and the land use prediction model of FLUS-Markov were constructed to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of ESV in the Basin from 1992 to 2018 and 2030. The results showed that the total ESV in the Yangtze River Basin was 11.68 trillion yuan in 2018 and presented an upward trend from 1992 to 2018, with an average annual increase of 29.7 billion yuan. The value of supply services was the largest contributing source of the Basin's ESV, accounting for 48.3%-51.8% of the total. The value of cultural services was the fastest-growing contribution source, with an increase of 52.5% from 1992 to 2018. The upstream region contributed the largest ESV in the Yangtze River Basin, accounting for 45.1%-46.8% and the hotspots of ESV in the Yangtze River Basin tended to move to downstream. In 2030, the construction land in the Yangtze River Basin will be further expanded, and the arable land and grassland areas will have a risk of decline. In 2030, the new increment of ESV in the Yangtze River Basin will reach 356.32 billion yuan, mainly from the enhancement of entertainment and climate regulation service value. The evaluation of ESV based on the year-on-year scale is helpful to obtain accurate and reliable results for temporal trend identification.