Research on the influence of change of plant carbon source input pathway on soil biological community is a hot issue in academic circles at present. In order to explore the influence of carbon source input mode on soil nematode community in temperate forest ecosystem, the changes of soil nematode community composition and diversity under different carbon source input modes were analyzed by Illumina MiSeq technology. The results showed that a total of 68 genera of soil nematodes were found in all treatments (Control: CK, Litter removal: NL; Root removal: NR; Litter and root removal: NLR), while the relative abundance of bacterivores was the highest. Among all carbon source input methods, the NR had the most obvious effect on nematode community composition, as shown in the following: compared with control treatment, the relative abundance of bacterivores obviously increased, the relative abundance of fungivores significantly decreased, and the relative abundance of omnivores/predators significantly increased in the NR. From the perspective of nematode community diversity, the NLR reduced the Shannon-wiener index (H') and increased the dominance (Dom) of soil nematode community. The evenness index (J) of the NR was the highest. From the perspective of nematode community ecological index, the nematode community maturity index (MI) of the NR was the highest. The bacterial decomposition channel was dominant in the decomposition process of all carbon source input treatments. The results showed that soil nematode community was regulated by the change of carbon source input, and the NR had a greater impact on soil nematode community than the NL. The species diversity of soil with the NLR decreased obviously, and the soil food web of the NR was more stable. The results enrich the research content of forest soil nematode diversity, and provide methods and data support for high-throughput sequencing technology in soil nematode research.