The contradiction between supply and demand of ecosystem services leads to the unreasonable land use mode, causing variously ecological and environmental problems, which restricts and affects the sustainable development of the river basin and the improvement of residents' welfare. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the research on the relationship between supply and demand of ecosystem services. Yihe River Basin with the landscape of mountain-hill-plain in Henan Province is taken as the research area. Firstly, the supply and demand of ecosystem services were mapped by using the ecosystem service matrix based on land use, and the temporal and spatial changes of the supply and demand of ecosystem services were analyzed. Secondly, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of supply and demand risks of ecosystem services in Yihe River Basin were analyzed in combining with four indicators, namely, the dynamic trend of supply, the dynamic trend of demand, the ratio of supply-demand, and the dynamic trend of the ratio of supply-demand. The results showed that:(1) From 1980 to 2018, the demand level of ecosystem services in the Yihe River Basin continued to increase, while the supply level continued to decrease. The supply level of regulating services in the upper reaches was relatively strong, and the supply level of provisioning services in the middle and lower reaches was relatively higher. The demand of ecosystem services in the lower reaches was much higher than that in the upper reaches. (2) On the grid scale, the proportion of high and low risk areas in the supply and demand of ecosystem services in the basin from 1980 to 2018 is 3.57% and 96.43%. Respectively, from 1980 to 2018, and the area of high risk level increased from 2000 to 2018 compared with 1980 to 2000. (3) From 1980 to 2018, 7.69% of the sub-basins of the Yihe River Basin had a high-risk grade area greater than 10%. The risk grade of the No. 7 and No. 26 sub-basins were at a higher risk degree compared with the same basin. The proportion of the sub-basins from 2000 to 2018 was 15.38%, and all of them were distributed in the downstream. On the whole, the risk of ecosystem services faced by each sub-basin increased slightly in the past 20 years. The evaluation matrix of supply and demand of ecosystem services combined with expert knowledge can quickly evaluate the risk status of supply and demand of ecosystem services and provide scientific support for the management of ecosystem services in the river basin.