This study investigated the effect of different meadow use on the fractal characteristics of soil particle to provide the scientific basis for soil quality evaluation and ecological restoration of alpine grassland in the Tibetan Plateau. The soil particle composition and fractal characteristics were examined by the fractal theory in four alpine meadows (grazed meadow, fenced meadow, fenced+reseeded meadow, and undisturbed meadow) in the Tibetan Plateau, and their driving forces were clarified. The results showed that the volume fraction of clay and silt particles in fenced grazing grassland increased by 60%-91.1% and 43.5%-80.1%, respectively, compared with those in grazed meadow and fenced+reseeded meadow; grazing prohibition promotes the transformation of soil sand to clay and silt. Changes in meadow use type had significant effects on the soil fractal dimension. Single fractal dimension (D-value) was in the order of grazed meadowD₁), entropy dimension/capacity dimension (D₁/D₀) and correlation dimension (D₂), were in the order of grazed meadow < fenced+reseeded meadow < fenced meadow < undisturbed meadow. D-value of the single fractal dimension was positively correlated with the contents of clay and silt (P<0.01); the contents of sand, clay, silt, organic carbon and total nitrogen are the dominant factors affecting the multifractal parameters. D₁, D₁/D₀ and D₂ were positively correlated with the contents of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen. In conclusion, multifractal dimension parameters can be used as indicators to evaluate the characteristics of soil fertility, and grazing prohibition can improve the soil texture in Tibetan Plateau.