In river ecosystem, bacterioplankton are major contributors to nutrient transport and energy flow, whose composition and diversity are affected by the riparian environment, while little is known about the bacterioplankton communities in open lotic water. In this study, based on high-throughput sequencing technology, we acquired bacterioplankton community data of 21 samples in the middle and upper reaches of Luanhe River and analyzed it combining with remote sensing data and water physical and chemical parameters, to study the relationship between bacterioplankton community and water environmental factors. Results showed that:(1) Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla in the Luanhe River. (2) Chao1 richness index and Shannon diversity index were significantly negatively correlated with distance from headwater (P<0.05). The abnormal increase of Chao1 richness index in the middle reaches suggested a large influx of allochthonous rare species. (3) Distance from headwater was the most correlated variable with the composition of bacterial community. In the case that the distance from headwater was a control variable, only total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were correlated to the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix of bacterial community (P<0.05), which indicated that the residence time represented by the distance from headwater and nitrogen nutrients had significant influence on the composition of bacterial community. (4) Among the four land use factors, only the area ratio of the urbanized land was correlated with the composition of bacterial community (P<0.05), regardless of whether the distance from headwater was used as the control variable. However, after taking nitrate nitrogen and electroconductibility as control variables, there was no significant correlation between area ratio of the urbanized land and composition of bacterial community at the significance level α=0.05. With total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, pH, chlorophyll-a and velocity of flow as control variables, the area ratio of the urbanized land was no longer correlated with the composition of bacterial community at the significance level α=0.1. Results indicate that the urbanized land can affect the composition of planktonic bacterial community directly by changing the nitrate nitrogen emission, or indirectly by changing hydrological, physical and chemical conditions of the river.