基于景感学的景感营造研究——以雨水花园为例
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国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC0506902)


Study on the landsense creation based on landsenseology: Taking rain garden as an example
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the National Key Research and Development Program (2018YFC0506902)

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    摘要:

    雨洪径流失控引发的负面问题已经影响到城市居民的正常生活。雨水花园作为典型的用于雨洪治理的生态基础设施,是进行城市水管理的重要手段。为提升雨水花园以径流控制为主的生态系统服务能力,研究团队基于物联网技术在中科院城市所内建成一座带有径流控制效益监测系统的雨水花园研究示范样地。景感学作为研究生态系统服务和可持续发展的有效途径,基于其理论分析雨水花园样地这一景感的营造途径、原则、生态系统服务能力,有助于使人-生态基础设施-自然环境三者更和谐地相互融入和适应,进而为雨水花园这类生态基础设施的营造提供借鉴经验。经探究发现雨水花园样地营造遵循了愿景呈现的双向性、方位的顺脉性、营造过程的渐进性三项原则,它可从多方面提供调节服务、支持服务与文化服务,有利于改善区域人居环境。通过径流控制效益监测系统监测、分析得出样地具备显著的调节服务(径流削减)能力,且人们可通过视感、听感、触感感知并享受雨水花园样地供给的文化服务。由于物联网监测技术与居民对各部分生态系统服务的监测和感知能力各有侧重,本研究认为可结合物联网相关监测技术和人的物理感知对雨水花园这类生态基础设施的营造工作进行评估,进而指导这类生态基础设施的建设并提升其生态系统服务能力。

    Abstract:

    Uncontrolled rainstorm runoff hindered urban residents' normal life. As a typical ecological infrastructure for rainstorm treatment, rain garden is an important means of urban water management. To improve the rain garden's ecosystem services capacity mainly based on runoff control, the research team built a rain garden demonstration plot (hereinafter referred to as demonstration plot) with runoff control benefit monitoring system (hereinafter referred to as benefit monitoring system) based on the Internet of things in the Institute of urban environment (IUE), Chinese Academy of Sciences. As a science specialized in the ecosystem services and sustainable development, also, landsenseology is a new approach to land-use planning. To analyze the landsense creation' approach, principles, and ecosystem services capacity of the demonstration plot based on landsenseology's theory, which is helpful to make people-ecological infrastructure-natural environment integrate and adapt to each other more harmoniously, to provide experience for the creation of rain garden. It is found that the creation of the demonstration plot followed the bidirectional principle of vision manifestation, the vein-compliance principle of orientation and bearing, and the progressivity principle of process. And the demonstration plot could provide supporting service, regulating service, and cultural service to regional residents from various aspects. The benefit monitoring system monitored and analyzed the runoff control process and efficiency of the demonstration plot. We found that the demonstration plot had significant regulating service (runoff reduction) capacity, and people could feel cultural service and partial regulating service through their senses of sight, hearing, and touch. However, the Internet of things' monitoring technology is difficult to monitor the cultural service of aesthetics, environmental education, and popular science. Similarly, people's physical senses are difficult to feel the regulating service of runoff reduction, runoff quality purification, oxygen release, carbon fixation, and the supporting service of maintenance of soil quality. Therefore, this study believes that the effect of landsense creation of ecological infrastructure could be evaluated from the monitoring technology of the Internet of things and the physical senses of people. About the Internet of things' monitoring technology, it should add the monitoring links for regulating service and supporting service. The benefit monitoring system of this study would also increase the monitoring function of water purification service and local microclimate regulation service in the next step. About people's physical senses, we could evaluate the effect of landsense creation from the perspective of whether people could graft vision is consistent with the endow or integrate vision by landsense designer. If the grafted vision is part of the integrated vision, it means that there is room for further improvement of the landsense creation.

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马晓菲,石龙宇.基于景感学的景感营造研究——以雨水花园为例.生态学报,2020,40(22):8167~8175

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