多水源补给对白洋淀湿地水动力的影响
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国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC0506904,2017YFC0404503);国家自然科学基金项目(51625904);中国水科院基本科研业务费项目(WR0145B522017)


Influence of multi-water resource replenishment on the hydrodynamic behavior of Baiyangdian wetland
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theNational Key Research andDevelopment Program of China (2018YFC0506904、2017YFC0404503), the National Program on Key Basic Research Project (973 Program) (No. 2015CB452701), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51509265, No. 51625904) and the Basic Scientific Research Expense Project of China Institute ofWater Resources and Hydropower Research (No.WR0145B522017).

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    摘要:

    白洋淀是华北平原最大的淡水湖泊,对维护华北地区生态系统平衡、调节区域气候、补充地下水源、调蓄洪水以及保护生物多样性等方面发挥着重要作用。白洋淀作为雄安新区赖以持续发展的重要生态屏障,维系淀区稳定补水量、改善淀区水动力状况以保证水生态系统持续健康发展显得尤为重要。通过构建白洋淀湿地二维水动力模型,综合考虑淀区刚性需水与弹性生态需水,共设置了8种情景来探究引黄入冀补淀、南水北调中线、南水北调东线应急补水以及上游水库联合补水等多水源补给情景下白洋淀水动力条件的改善情况。结果表明:(1)引黄入冀补淀和南水北调东线应急补水对小白河入口处水动力有明显改善,改善范围约占淀区面积的15%-20%,但对淀区水动力整体提升效果不佳。(2)南水北调中线相机补水对西北角水动力改善最为明显,同时对淀区平均流速的提升最大。连续补水1个月的情景下淀区平均流速从0.003 m/s提高到0.006 m/s,西北角平均流速从0.003 m/s提高到0.01 m/s。(3)上游水库联合向淀区补水的方式由于入淀口分散,对淀区整体水动力循环流动的促进效果最好。连续补水1个月后淀区平均流速从0.003 m/s提高到0.005 m/s。研究结果为白洋淀湿地水资源保障和促进淀区水体循环流动提供了科学依据,同时也为构建雄安新区蓝绿交织、清新明亮、水城共融的生态城市提供重要基础支撑。

    Abstract:

    Baiyangdian wetland is the largest freshwater lake in the North China Plain. It plays a significant role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem in northern China, regulating regional climate, replenishing underground water sources, regulating and storing flood water, and protecting biodiversity. As an important ecological barrier for the sustainable development of Xiong'an New Area, it is crucial to maintain the stability of water replenishment and improve the hydrodynamic status in Baiyangdian wetland, to ensure the healthy development of this aquatic ecosystem. A MIKE 21 Flow Model was applied to completely understand the influence of multi-water resource replenishment on the hydrodynamic behavior of Baiyangdian wetland. Eight scenarios were considered, including the diversion of the Yellow River into the wetland, middle route of the south-to-north water diversion project, eastern route of the south-to-north water diversion project, and joint replenishment of upstream reservoirs. Subsequently, the following results were obtained: (1) The hydrodynamic behavior at the entrance of Xiaobai river significantly improved under the water replenishment scenarios of the diversion of the Yellow River into the Baiyangdian wetland and eastern route of the south-to-north water diversion project. The improvement area accounted for approximately 15–20% of the total area of the wetland; however, the average velocity of the entire wetland did not markedly improve. (2) The hydrodynamic improvement of the northwest corner was the most noticeable under the water replenishment scenario of the middle route of the south-to-north water diversion project, and the average velocity of the whole wetland increased the most in the case of this scenario. The average velocity of the entire wetland increased from 0.003 m/s to 0.006 m/s, while that of the northwest corner increased from 0.003 m/s to 0.01 m/s after one month of water replenishment. (3) The hydrodynamic circulation of the whole wetland increased the most under the joint water replenishment scenarios of upstream reservoirs due to the dispersion of water entrance. The average velocity of the entire wetland increased from 0.003 m/s to 0.005 m/s after a month of water replenishment. Thus, the results of this study provide scientific support for promoting the circulation of water in Baiyangdian wetland.

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曾庆慧,胡鹏,赵翠平,龚家国,刘欢,杨泽凡.多水源补给对白洋淀湿地水动力的影响.生态学报,2020,40(20):7153~7164

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