Landsat series remote sensing images were used to map the wetlands in Sichuan, and the GIS spatial overlay analysis was used to obtain wetland change spatio-temporal database in two periods (2000-2010 and 2010-2015). We chose nine natural and socio-economic factors including average wind speed, precipitation, average temperature, average sunshine duration, average relative humidity, gross domestic product, GDP per capita, gross agricultural output and population, and adopted the Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) method to analyze the driving forces of changes of wetland types in Sichuan Province. The results showed that (1) from 2000 to 2015, the changeable areas of the wetland in Sichuan Province were 705374 hm². Swamps and rivers were the main changeable wetland areas in each period. The ponds were the most changeable wetland type, and lakes were the most stable. The main types of change were swamps transformed into non-wetlands, rivers and non-wetlands changed into ponds. (2) The average temperature, GDP and population explained 16.6%, 30.7% and 2.1% of changes in wetland types respectively, while precipitation and average relative humidity could only explain 0.6% and 0.3%. So, GDP, average temperature and population were the main driving factors for the change of wetland types in Sichuan Province. (3) There were differences in driving factors for different wetland types in Sichuan. Specifically, as the GDP increased, the amount of swamp wetlands converted to non-wetlands decreased, and the higher the GDP, the more non-wetlands and river wetlands were converted into ponds; with the increase of average temperature, the area of swamp wetlands converted into non-wetlands increased. The results show that the rapid development of society and economy has played a positive role in protecting and increasing the area of Sichuan wetlands, but global warming still leads to the continuous reduction of swamps. Therefore, in the context of global change, strengthening the protection and restoration of swamps will play an important role in stabilizing Sichuan wetland resources.