It is increasingly recognized that effects of Phyllostachys edulis expansion on evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem have been become one of the concerned hot issues. To analyze effects of P. edulis expansion on leaf structural traits of main tree species in evergreen broad-leaved forest, we investigated and measured leaf structural traits of four main tree species (i.e. Castanopsis eyrei, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Acer davidii, and Hovenia acerba) in evergreen broad-leaved forest as well as bamboo and broad-leaved mixed forest. The results showed that (1) P. edulis expansion did not significantly change character of total leaf structural traits of four arbor species. (2) Tree species of different life forms had different responses to P. edulis expansion. In response to P. edulis expansion, leaf tissue density (LTD) of evergreen broad-leaved tree species decreased significantly. Leaf width (LW) of deciduous broad-leaved tree species decreased significantly, but leaf morphology index (LMI) increased significantly. (3) The differences between partial leaf structural traits of four arbor species were altered by P. edulis expansion. The otherness of LMI, LTD, specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) of four arbor species in bamboo and broad-leaved mixed forest was different from that in evergreen broad-leaved forest. Leaf length (LL), LW, and leaf area (LA) of C. eyrei increased significantly. LMI of C. glauca increased significantly, while LDMC and LTD decreased significantly. LMI of H. acerba increased significantly. LW and LTD decreased significantly. LW of A. davidii decreased significantly. (4) The differences of effects of P. edulis expansion on relationships between leaf structural traits were detected. Intercept between LL and LW, and between LA and LW of four arbor species were decreased under P. edulis expansion, so quantitative relationships between LL and LW, and between LA and LW were changed.