In this study, we investigated variation of soil chemical properties and soil aggregation stability along with longitudes on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). It can provide soundly theoretical support and reference for vegetation restoration on the CLP. By using conventional chemical analysis method, we measured soil physiochemical properties. In addition, we used a combined method of dry and wet sieving to measure soil aggregates content. The results indicated that the content of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen enhanced with the increased longitude, but there was no significant difference (P < 0.05) of soil total phosphorus along with longitude on the CLP. The soil organic carbon and total nitrogen was always the lowest in Dingxi which was dominated by shrubs (caragana). Through mean weight diameter of soil aggregates (MWD) and soil erodibility values (K value), we found there was little fluctuation of the MWD (about 2.00) and K value (about 0.19) with increased longitude except Dingxi where the MWD was the lowest and K value was the highest. Based on the results, we conclude that there's more soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in arbor forest land. The soil aggregate is more stable and the soil anti-erosion ability is better than that of the shrub forest land.