To explore the spatial distribution characteristics and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of the Yellow River wetland in Baotou, Inner Mongolia, we collected the soil samples in different depths of six wetlands of three typical types from east to west along the Baotou section of the Yellow River in this study. We analyzed soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and the relationship between ecological stoichiometry characteristics and environmental factors. The results indicated that: 1)the average values of the SOC, TN and TP in soil of the wetland were 11.20 g/kg、0.42 g/kg and 0.98 g/kg, respectively. The contents of SOC and TN in the vertical direction had a decreasing trend with increasing soil depth. There's no significant difference of the contents of TP in different soil layers. 2) The average values of soil C/N, C/P, and N/P were 25.39, 9.26, and 0.37, respectively. Compared with alfisols and aridisols in China and other marsh wetlands, the contents of TN, the values of C/P and N/P in Yellow River wetland of Baotou were lower, and the content of TP was higher. 3) The correlation analysis showed that soil total nitrogen was significantly positively correlated with soil organic carbon, total phosphorus, N/P and C/P (P<0.01), but not significantly correlated with C/N. The soil total phosphorus was significantly positively correlated with soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N, and C/P (P<0.01), but not significantly correlated with N/P. TP content was higher but its effectiveness was lower. Soil total nitrogen content and its availability may be the main factor limiting the carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other elements circulation and ecological stoichiometric characteristics in the Yellow River wetland in Baotou. Our results will provide the theoretical basis for vegetation reconstruction, ecological restoration, and scientific management of the Yellow River wetland in Baotou.