On the basis of the land use change process in Wuhan Urban Agglomeration between 2005 and 2015, the "Evaluation Table of Ecological Service Value per Unit of China's Ecosystem" was revised using the expert scoring method to quantitatively measure the value of ecological services and compare different functions and services in Wuhan Urban Agglomeration. We analyzed the spatial and temporal change of service value and constructed a double-logarithmic spatial regression measurement model for economy, landscape and ESV (Ecological Service Values) on the basis of the estimated value of the ecological services. We explored the driving influence factors, which would provide a scientific basis for regional ecosystem management. The results show that from 2005 to 2015, the ESV in Wuhan Urban Agglomeration decreased on a yearly basis, from 17.617 billion Yuan in 2005 to 16.729 billion Yuan in 2010 and 15.3717 billion Yuan in 2015. The spatial difference is prominent in terms of ESV. The declining pattern from the outer to the inner ring is shown in Wuhan. With respect to different functions and individual service, the regional ecological function adjustment service value is larger than that in cultural service and in supply service, in which food production was the most important single service function. The value gradually declined and showed relatively stable changes over the years. The results also showed that the primary influencing factors of the total ecological service value and individual service value are both per capita disposable income for rural residents and the AI (aggregation index) index of rural areas, which exhibit significant negative correlation. Significant positive correlation coefficients were observed with agricultural output. Rapid socio-economic development and changes in the regional landscape pattern affect the pattern characteristics and ecological processes of ecosystems. Socio-economic development and landscape evolution together affect the function of ecological services and manifest these influences in the form of the positive and negative changes in monetary and economic accounting values. The result provides a scientific reference for the protection and compensation of regional ecological functions and the promotion of regional sustainable development.