In this study we explore the spatial distribution and correlation between 5 rattan species (Calamus tetradactylus, Calamus faberii, Calamus rhabdocladus, Daemonorops margaritae and Plectocomia microstachys) in Ganshiling, Hainan Island. Results show that:(1) Spatial pattern and spatial scale of rattan populations are closely related. On a small scale, all the 5 rattan populations tend to exhibit aggregated distribution. However, at a larger spatial scale, rattan populations tend to show random distribution, and form different spatial distribution patterns. (2) C. tetradactylus showed an obvious negative correlation in spatial distribution with both D. margaritae and C. faberii. This may be because they have the same or similar needs for living space and nutrients, and there is a clear competitive relationship between them. (3) There is an strong positive correlation between C. rhabdocladus and C. faberii overall. This may be because of their shared trait of shelter during the growth process, which is used to resist animal predation and the changeable external environment in the tropical rainforest. (4) There was no significant correlation between D. margaritae and P. microstachys, nor between C. tetradactylus and P. microstachys. This shows that their dependence on the environment and living space does not conflict, and these species can coexist peacefully.