Urban ecological space is the basic guarantee for maintaining ecological safety and providing sustainable ecological services. An integrated identification index system is established on the basis of natural, artificial, and natural-artificial interactive attributes of the ecological patch, considering its own functions and structural importance in the landscape. We used Hangzhou as an example to assess urban ecological space on the basis of the index system in combination with spatial weighted superposition. The results show that this index system reflects the layout of the urban ecological space well, attesting its feasibility for urban ecological space identification. Four types of urban ecological space, namely, core, auxiliary, transitional, and non-ecological space, were identified. The core ecological space, which mainly consists of forest land, is situated in the western part of the city, whereas the auxiliary ecological space is located around the core ecological space. These two types account for 21.28% and 20.33% of the areas, respectively. The spatial distribution of ecological space in Hangzhou is characterized by local agglomeration. The ecological space is concentrated mostly in the northern suburb, where patch connectivity index is high. The distribution characteristics of ecological space vary greatly in different urban areas. All these results provide a scientific basis for future construction and protection of ecological infrastructure in the study area.