Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. is the dominant constructive species and germplasm resource tree in the Xinjiang wild fruit forest. In the seedling stage, A. vulgaris seedling roots are mainly distributed in the 0-15 cm soil layer. To elucidate the effects of microtopography, such as slop aspect, position, and shape on soil characteristics and nutrient distribution in the seed germination layer of A. vulgaris, a sample plot (44°26'01.09"-44°26'17.12"N, 80°46'27.49"-80°47'03.26"E) was set up in the wild fruit forest in Daxigou, Huocheng County, Yili Prefecture, Xinjiang. The content of soil gravel, pH, organic matter and total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the 0-15 cm soil layer were measured, and the relationship between soil factors and topographic factors were analyzed. The results showed that in the 0-15 cm soil layer:(1) the soil nutrient content in the Northeast slope was higher, and soil gravel, pH, organic matter, total phosphorus, hydrolyzable nitrogen, and available potassium were significantly different between the Southeast and South slope (P < 0.05); content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the shady slope were higher than those in the sunny slope, and the soil characteristics and nutrient distribution in different slopes were significantly different (P < 0.05); (2) in different slope positions, the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus all showed moderate slope > down slope > up slope position. The content of soil gravel, total potassium, and available potassium all showed upward slope > middle slope > downhill slope position. The content of total potassium, total phosphorus, and available phosphorous were more homogeneous in the same slope position. There was no significant difference in soil characteristics and soil nutrient distribution in different slope positions (P > 0.05); (3) in different slopes, the content of soil hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorous were gentle > mid > slow > steep slope, the soil gravel, pH, total nitrogen, hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium had significant differences (P < 0.05). The content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, hydrolyzable nitrogen, and available phosphorus in steep slopes were all lower than those in other slopes. However, the content of soil gravels, soil pH, and total potassium were the highest in the steep slopes. So, the content of soil nutrients in the gentle and moderate slopes were rich, and the steep slopes were more barren. The slope degree has a significant effect on soil characteristics and nutrient distribution (P < 0.05); (4) under different slope shapes, the contents of gravel, total potassium, hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were convex > concave > linear slope, soil characteristics and nutrients (except total potassium and available potassium) were significantly different between different slope shapes (P < 0.05). In the wild fruit forest in Daxigou, the topographic factors have a significant effect on the soil characteristics and nutrient distribution in the germination layer of A. vulgaris. The soil nutrient content in the Northeast, middle, gentle, and convex slopes are relatively rich, and the soil conditions are suitable for A. vulgaris germination. These results provided a good base for research on the seed germination, growth, and the monitoring of environmental factors.