In the present study, the Tugai forest in the Ebinur Lake Wetland National Nature Reserve in Xinjiang, Northwest China was analyzed. Canopy interfacial hydrothermal vertical variation and CO₂ exchange characteristics of the Tugai forest were analyzed using continuous data observed from a 30 m high flux tower in the study area, and the turbulent carbon flux at the canopy interface, plant canopy carbon flux, and net carbon exchange at the canopy interface were also compared. In addition, the relationship between the temperature and humidity profiles at the canopy interface and CO₂ exchange process under different temporal and vertical spatial sequences were determined. The results showed that the atmospheric stability over the canopy layer during the growing season (from June to September) was neutral (z/L=0.009), but unstable during the non-growing season (z/L=-0.449), and also unstable (z/L=-0.194) almost throughout the year. The vertical amplitude of the air temperature at the canopy interface was < 5℃, and air temperature increased with increasing canopy height; the vertical amplitude of humidity was > 40%. The land-atmosphere carbon flux was low in autumn and winter and high in spring and summer. The annual carbon budget was -0.026 mg CO₂ m^-2 s^-1, which was higher than the average level of arid areas, and appeared to be a carbon sink. The vertical temperature and humidity differences on the vertical spatial scale fitted well to the net ecosystem carbon exchange capacity (NEE), with an R² fitting coefficient of 0.7350 (P < 0.01) for temperature, and 0.3627 (P < 0.01) for humidity, and the hydrothermal inflection points were 5% and 1℃, respectively. However, the temperature fitting result was better seasonally, where R² was 0.5221 (P < 0.01) for temperature and 0.1716 (P < 0.01) for humidity, and the hydrothermal inflection points were 55% and 18℃, respectively. The smaller vertical temperature gradients in the canopy during the growing season would be beneficial to atmospheric CO₂ absorption, whereas the high humidity environment of the canopy could inhibit the atmospheric CO₂ uptake by the Tugai forest.