"Sponge City" has emerged as a hot scientific and governmental research topic given its ability to effectively control disasters resulting from urban storm water and flooding. "Sponge City" not only supplies groundwater and addresses water shortages but also improves urban water environments, biodiversity, and urban landscapes, all of which contribute to the development of an urban economy and society. Accordingly, "Sponge City" has become a principal force in the new generation of urban construction projects. The scientific construction of a "Sponge City" has become especially important in light of the recent urban flooding in the country. This paper summarizes the background, concept, and connotation of "Sponge City" construction, its relationship with ecological infrastructure, its construction route, and its main technology. We identified several key scientific issues and a construction perspective for "Sponge City" based on four aspects, including improving the ecosystem services of "Sponge City," identifying valuation indicators and establishing a management system, and promoting awareness. This paper identified issues related to the construction of "Sponge City" and examines how its contents must be improved in the future. We also advanced the overall framework of "SPONGE," which includes service, participation, organization, natural ecology, green infrastructure, and ecological pattern. The key contents and vital parts of a "Sponge City" are generalized from this framework, which is expected to provide important materials for further research on this topic.