Accelerated urbanization and socio-economic development can cause a series of environmental problems, such as decreased ecological quality. Accurately and efficiently quantifying the effects of urbanization on vegetation is critical for understanding regional ecological conservation and achieving sustainable development. Previous studies have primarily focused on the spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation cover and its relationship with climatic factors. Here, we quantified the spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation cover from 2000 to 2010 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei megaregion. We then analyzed the effects of urbanization on vegetation cover dynamics. We used MODIS data and Landsat TM data. We found that (1) during the study period, urban land expanded very rapidly in this megaregion. The area of built-up lands increased from 1.79×10⁴ km² in 2000 to 2.16×10⁴ km² in 2010, which is an increase of 21.16%. (2) There was a slight but insignificant (P= 0.45) increasing trend in vegetation coverage from 2000 to 2010. The region was dominated by low-medium and medium coverage vegetation. (3) There were similarities and differences in the spatiotemporal patterns among different types of vegetation with varied levels of vegetation density. For vegetation types with low to medium and high vegetation density, fragmentation of vegetation increased from 2000 to 2010. In contrast, for vegetation types with low and medium vegetation density, the landscape pattern became more aggregated rather than fragmented in regions covered with these types of vegetation. (4) The proportional cover of developed land and vegetation coverage showed negative correlations (P= 0.08). However, the proportional cover of developed land showed a significantly positive relationship with the proportion of area covered by vegetation types with low vegetation density (P < 0.001).