Moso bamboo forest, an important forest resource in China, plays an irreplaceable and important role in forest carbon sequestration and in adaptation of the forestry to climate change. Because of the special characteristics of Moso bamboo forests in continuous cutting and self-renewal, the quantity and quality of new bamboo's development become a decisive factor in evaluating functional changes of Moso bamboo forest carbon sequestration in the process of bamboo forest management. This research examined the effect of old bamboo forest and relevant management measures on growth of new bamboo forest based on the 2010 and 2013 Moso bamboo forests. A two-factor randomized block design was employed, which fertilization amount and cutting/leaving ways were selected based on the removal of topographical impacts. Results showed that the correlation coefficients of average diameter at breast height (DBH), number of culms and carbon storage between new bamboo forest and old bamboo forest of 3 and 5 years have higher values than those between new bamboo forest and old bamboo forest of 2 and 4 years either in the year of 2010 or 2013. The carbon storage between new bamboo forests and old bamboo forests of 3 and 5 years has linear relationships (e.g, y=0.675x-2.2491, R²=0.8561); in contrast, there is no correlations between new bamboo and old bamboo of 2 and 4 years (e.g., y=-0.1109x+6.7287, R²=0.0061). After different management measures were implemented, the relationships between new and old bamboo forests changed considerably, that is, the correlation of average DBH between new and old bamboo forests decreased dramatically; no correlation in number of culms and carbon storage between new and old bamboo forests existed. The linear regression model of carbon storage between new bamboo and old bamboo forests of 3 and 5 years was y=0.1036x+3.7539, R²=0.0981, and between new and old bamboo forest of 2 and 4 years was y=-0.0408x+5.9069, R²=0.0151. These results implied that the implementation of different management measures had a great effect on average DBH, number of culms and aboveground carbon storage of new bamboo forest. These attributes increased with treatments A₁B₂ (high fertilization with moderate-intensity cutting and leaving), A₂B₂ (intermediate fertilization with moderate-intensity cutting and leaving) and A₃B₂ (no fertilization with moderate-intensity cutting and leaving). The order of average DBH increase rate of new bamboo forest is A₂B₂ (8.78%) > A₁B₂ (2.43%) > A₃B₂ (2.06%), and the increase rates of number of culms and aboveground carbon storage are A₁B₂ (81.0%) > A₃B₂ (35.4%) > A₂B₂ (15.2%) and A₁B₂ (90.8%) > A₃B₂ (35.7%) > A₂B₂ (49.7%). The rest of treatments result in decrease of these attributes. These situations imply that moderate-intensity cutting and leaving method was useful in improving the quality of new bamboo forest. In terms of carbon sequestration maximization, high fertilization combining with moderate-intensity cutting and leaving was useful in increasing carbon storage of new bamboo forests. On the other hand, considering cultivating large-diameter bamboo forests, intermediate fertilization combining with moderate-intensity cutting and leaving was preferable.