The production of extrafloral nectar is believed to be an indirect plant defense that allows plants to recruit predators and parasitoids. Although damage and herbivory by various leaf-chewing insects induces secretion of plant extrafloral nectar, the relative impact of different damage patterns and herbivory by different feeding guilds is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the differential production of foliar extrafloral nectar in cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in response to herbivory by different feeding guilds and by mechanical damage and mechanical damage-induced volatiles. To compare the levels of cotton extrafloral nectar induced by these factors, we subjected cotton plants having three to four true leaves (first to third fully expanded leaves) to herbivory by the chewing herbivore Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and the sap-sucking aphid Aphis gossypii Glover, and mechanically damaged the second leaves by using scissors, by punching a needle through the leaves, and by exposure to the regurgitates of H. armigera. We also exposed whole cotton plants having five to six true leaves (first to fifth fully expanded leaves) to (Z)-jasmone and mechanically damage-induced volatiles. Extrafloral nectar levels were assessed every 24 h. Because extrafloral nectar in the single nectary of the leaf mid-vein was viscous and could not be collected by capillaries, extrafloral nectar droplets were absorbed on Whatman filter paper weighed on an electronic balance prior to and after extrafloral nectar collection. Pre- and post-leaf damage over seven consecutive days as well as extrafloral nectar induction was analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. The analysis revealed that herbivory by H. armigera, mechanical damage caused by scissors, and mechanical damage with regurgitate of H. armigera significantly increased extrafloral nectar production in comparison to undamaged cotton plants. After 1 d of treatment, damage from A. gossypii and needle-punched leaves showed significantly higher levels of extrafloral nectar production. No difference in extrafloral nectar production was found between cotton plants damaged by A. gossypii and those damaged with a needle. While treated leaves were significantly affected, an additional systemic increase was also observed on young leaves (third leaves). The effect was stronger on treated leaves than on untreated leaves, and no significant changes in extrafloral nectar production occurred on old leaves (first leaves). After 1 d of treatment, (Z)-jasmone and mechanical damage-induced volatiles increased extrafloral nectar production by young leaves (fourth and fifth leaves), whereas no significant changes in extrafloral nectar production were recorded on old leaves (first to third leaves). We conclude that the induction of extrafloral nectar secretion in cotton is primarily a generalized response to tissue damage. Damage from different herbivores with different mouthpart types generated different levels of extrafloral nectar induction. Damage from the leaf-chewing caterpillar H. armigera resulted in stronger induction than that caused by the sap-sucking aphid A. gossypii. Treatment with (Z)-jasmone and mechanical damage-induced volatiles stimulated extrafloral nectar secretion in young leaves; these compounds serve as airborne cues to mediate communication between cotton plants.