The differences in the expression and understanding of the "ecological conservation and construction", making detailed analysis of its scope and contents, proposed that the "ecological conservation and construction" (ECC) is closely related with, but obviously differed from the "environmental protection" and these two should be regarded as two separate disciplines at the same level. ECC is a vast area of study with rich contents, facing not only the problems of various natural ecosystems, but also the problems of the artificial ecosystems as well as the combined multiple ecosystems at the landscape, regional and global levels. The author suggests that at the recent stage it is appropriate to use the terms "ecological conservation" and "ecological construction" either separately according to different needs, or combined to express their full aspect.