Alpine musk deer (Moschus spp.)is endemic to the Tibetan Plateau and its associated areas. The adult male alpine musk deer secretes musk, which has been used wildly in traditional medicine and perfume industry. The alpine musk deer has been endangered due to the historic overwhelming utilization, poaching, and habitat loss. The musk deer farming initiated in 1990 at the Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve with the aim to conserve wild musk deer populations. Later on, Xinglongshan Musk Deer Farm (XMDF)was established in 1996 for sustainable harvest of musk from the live musk deer. Our study analyzed the musk production pattern from 1996 to 2006 and its relationship with the population dynamics and age structure of musk deer on the XMDF in China. The results showed that musk extraction was performed 430 times from 149 individuals in the last 11 years, and a total of 3846.6 g of musk was produced (annually (349.69±84.69) g). Significant correlation existed between the annual musk production and the male musk deer population (R=0.638, P<0.01). The S models of y=e^{(6.4285-3.6578/t)} (R²=0.735, df=9, F=24.94, P=0.001< 0.01)and y=e^{(4.2049-3.4523/t)} (R² = 0.700, df=9, F=21.02, P=0.001< 0.01)fitted the increasing pattern of the annual musk production and male musk deer population, respectively. The total average musk production of musk deer was (8.93±0.56) g (n=68), and the yearly average musk production was correlated to the annual musk production (R=0.442, P<0.01). Moreover, the increasing mode of the average musk production was exponential (y=7.5126e^0.0244t). Male musk deer, 1.5 years old, secreted significantly more musk ((2.00±1.82) g)than deer of other age (P<0.05); however, our result suggested that farmed males less than 6.5 years old produced more musk than older deer, and after this age musk production gradually decreased. Furthermore, the age of males was significantly negatively correlated to the annual musk production (R=-0.936, P=0.001< 0.01). The males aged from 1.5 to 6.5 years comprised 91.16% of the population and produced 3560.1 g of musk, which accounted for 92.55% of the total musk produced. Therefore, in order to produce more musk, farmed males should be younger than 6.5 years.