Due to global climate change, the catastrophic immigration events of brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens stål) (BPH) have been experiencing distinct changes in temporal and spatial patterns in Jiangsu province, China over the past three decades. In this study, various observational data were collected to investigate the impacts of climate anomalies on regional catastrophes of BPH in China and to provide a scientific evidence in support of the establishment and application of the BPH forecasting-warning system and the decision-making of BPH's endangering controlling and prevention. The data includes the BPH's lighting trap catches observed at thirty-two plant protection stations in Jiangsu Province during 1983-2008, the precipitation and temperature at seventy meteorological stations in the province during 1983-2008, the Pacific Ocean's sea surface temperature (SST) and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) during 1981-2008. Based on the results of classifying BPH's lighting trap catches in the five grades that the BPH's immigration occurrence is the Grade 1 when the daily BPH's lighting trap catch less than 1000 heads, the Grade 2 in between 1000 to 2000 heads, the Grade 3 in between 2001 to 3000 heads, the Grade 4 in between 3001 to 4000 heads and the Grade 5 of daily lighting trap catch more than 4000 heads, the analysis on the temporal variations and spatial distributions of BPH's immigration occurrence grades in the province over the past three decades was carried through. Gaoyou, Tongzhou and Yixing was selected as the representative stations of three typical rice-growing regions in Jiang-Huai area, the coastal areas in North Jiangsu, and South Jiangsu, respectively. The relationships between SST, SOI, air temperature, precipitation and the occurrence grade of BPH's immigration were examined to assess the impacts of climate anomalies on the catastrophic migration events of BPH at the three sites. Several findings were identified from this study. First, the heavy catastrophic migration events of BPH that included the Grade 4 and the Grade 5 of the BPH's immigration occurrence in Jiangsu province were attributed to El Nio event occurrences, which were associated with warming of SST in eastern Pacific Ocean in the equator or the case that negative SOI lasted for more than six months; the first immigration peaks of BPH is usually 1-14 month(s) later than the onset dates of El Nio events. Second, the heavy BPH immigration events may happen in La Nia years when more landfalling tropical cyclones cross Jiangsu province, exert important impact on the weather and carry the migrating BPH's insect sources into the rice-growing fields there. Third, the precipitation was one of the key factors influencing the BPH catastrophic migration events. Higher precipitation and more rainy days were responsible for more migrating BPH and heavier disasters. The predictions showed better agreement with the observations when the forecasting equation was built on the precipitation, rainy days, and precipitation intensity during the period from June to October. Finally, the heavy BPH events may happen in Jiangsu province when surface temperature anomalies were observed during the period from June to October. This was especially true when temperature has positive anomalies in autumn.