It is significance of assessing soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) sequestration potential to understand dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) at a small watershed with comprehensive measures in the loess region of China. Based on three topographic positions (Ridge slope, Gully slope, Valley bottom) and three control measures for soil erosion (Level terrace,Woodland measures,Grassland measures), 737 soil samples were collected to investigate effects of topographic positions and soil erosion control measures on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen at Zhuan Yaogou watershed in the hilly region of Loess Plateau. Under the similar topographic positions, SOC and TN (0-10 cm soil layer) in level terrace, woodland and grassland were significantly higher than those in cropland on sloping land (P<0.1). For the ridge slope, SOC and TN in level terrace, woodland and grassland were 18% and 24%, 70% and 59%, and 25% and 21% higher than that in cropland on sloping land, respectively; For the gully slope, SOC and TN in woodland and grassland were 76% and 54%, and 25% and 27% higher than that in cropland on sloping land, respectively. The similar control measures for soil erosion produced significant differences among topographic positions (P<0.1). In the 0-10 cm soil layer, For the level terrace measure, SOC and TN in valley bottom were 46% and 43% higher than those in the ridge slope; For the woodland measures, SOC and TN in the gully slope were 18% and 6% higher than those in the ridge slope; For the grassland measures, SOC and TN in the gully slope were 14% and 18% higher than those in the ridge slope. In the 0-100 cm soil depth, SOC or TN had the similar change characteristics with soil moisture among the topographic positions and the soil erosion control measures. An exponential relationships of y= ae^bx (y is SOC or TN and x is soil moisture) were developed between SOC (TN) and soil moisture at the small watershed.