The wetland biodiversity had been severely disturbed and destroyed due to the land reclamation and exploitation activities. Wetland biodiversity conservation was increasingly concerned for its functions and service values has been recognized and accepted widely. The key issue that wetland biodiversity conservation concerning was how the wetland biodiversity spatial pattern distributed and what′s its main impact factors. The spatial autocorrelation characteristics and its driving factor of wetland bird richness were analyzed by using the spatial autoregressive model with the combination of bio-geographic information provided by GAP analysis, land use/land cover, topographical, social and economic information over the Bielahong Basin in the Sanjiang Plain. The study results indicate that wetland bird richness and its driving factors has positive spatial autocorrelation. The results also indicate that the main impact factors on the spatial distribution of wetland birds richness were as followings: the disturbance degree, habitat types, distance to roads, distance to drainage system, distance to lakes, distance to residential places, elevation, slope and human population density. Our analysis shows that spatial autoregressive model performs better than the standard multiple linear regression model due to spatial autocorrelation exert more impact on the latter one. The study result can work as valuable information for people to understand where the wetland biodiversity conservation hot spots locates and what′s the formation mechanism, which were of great importance for protection and utilization of wetland biodiversity. The study also put forward scientific evidence for studying the relationship between wetland birds distribution and environmental factors, which can provide scientific basis for establishing species distribution prediction model in the future.