The study of soundscape perception and quality evaluation has become a critical research area in response to the growing demand for noise management and the enhancement of the functionality of living environments. By examining the key theoretical foundations of soundscape perception, it becomes clear that the soundscape is a complex system formed through the interactions between "sound-human-environment". This study provides a detailed system analysis of the three key components—"sound, listener, and environment"—and explains the specific influences each element has on the process of soundscape perception. In recent years, there has been a proliferation of various indicators for soundscape quality evaluation. Physical acoustic indicators are commonly employed to assess the physical properties of the acoustic environment, providing objective measurements. Psychoacoustic indicators, on the other hand, translate these physical acoustic parameters into quantifiable subjective assessments of human perception. Physiological evaluation indicators reveal the potential impact of the soundscape on an individual’s stress levels, emotional state, or arousal, offering deeper insights into its effects on human well-being. Subjective evaluation indicators focus primarily on emotional value, reflecting how individuals emotionally connect to the soundscape. The approach to soundscape quality evaluation has evolved significantly, transitioning from a focus on simple physical sound metrics to a more comprehensive research framework that integrates "physical-psychological-physiological-subjective" elements. Driven by intelligent perception and artificial intelligence technologies, future research should focus on the following: First, developing multimodal data fusion and AI - driven soundscape evaluation technologies; Second, deepening the study of interactions between soundscape components and multisensory coupling mechanisms; Third, constructing a comprehensive soundscape quality evaluation index system that incorporates "physical - perceptual - cognitive" dimensions; Fourth, actively expanding the application scenarios of soundscape perception and evaluation.