While genetically modified (GE) crops have brought significant economic benefits in increasing crop yields and reducing pesticide use, their potential environmental safety issues have also received increasing attention from the scientific community and the public. In order to systematically study the impact of genetically modified insect resistant crop cultivation on soil ecosystems, this study used high-throughput sequencing techniques such as 16S rDNA amplicon full-length sequencing, combined with traditional soil physicochemical analysis methods. The transgenic insect-resistant maize HGK60 with Cry1Ah gene and its control conventional maize Zheng 58 were selected as the research objects. Under strict control of field experimental conditions, a continuous three-year tracking survey was conducted to comprehensively analyze the effects of Cry1Ah gene insect resistant maize HGK60 cultivation on the physicochemical properties, bacterial community structure and function of rhizosphere soil. The results showed that: (i) By measuring key indicators such as soil pH, organic matter content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, it was found that, the planting of HGK60 had no significant effect on the physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil (P>0.05). (ii) Through high-throughput sequencing data analysis of maize rhizosphere soil samples, the 216 maize rhizosphere soil samples were annotated to 549 genera, 221 families, 119 orders, 51 phyla. (iii) On the whole, there was no significant difference in the composition of rhizosphere soil bacterial community between HGK60 and Zheng58 at the level of phylum, class, family and genus (P>0.05), and there was no significant difference in plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria between HGK60 and Zheng58 (P>0.05). Minor differences were sporadic and lacked consistency across sampling years. (iv)Alpha and Beta diversity analysis showed that HGK60 planting had no significant effect on community structure of rhizosphere soil bacteria (P>0.05). (v)There were significant changes in bacterial community in rhizosphere soil of maize at different growth periods. Based on the above research results, it can be concluded that the planting of transgenic insect-resistant maize HGK60 with Cry1Ah gene has no significant effect on the physicochemical properties, bacterial community structure, and diversity of rhizosphere soil. This study obtained systematic and reliable scientific data through long-term positioning experiments, providing strong data support for the environmental safety evaluation of genetically modified crops. At the same time, it also provided important references for the safety demonstration of commercial planting of genetically modified crops, laying the foundation for further research on the impact of long-term planting of genetically modified crops on soil microbial functional gene expression and ecological functions.