Though groundwater eco-systems are considered to be an important type of eco-system, there have been large amounts of environmental and ecological deterioration where groundwater recourses are tapped unreasonably and accumulating contamination intensity has grown more intense. Those actions can have irreparable consequences. The ecological state of groundwater has been under discussion in many countries and regions. Therefore, in order to address the concept and meaning of groundwater eco-health from a scientific point-of-view, the author selected twenty-nine typical indicators to serve as a system of evaluation among which structural features, ecological function, function of resources, system protection and social environment were under consideration. At the same time, the content and significance of key indicators were also well-analyzed. In order to improve that assessment, some main indicators were arranged into different categories, and tentative studies on assessment method as well as developmental direction were carried out. As a result, this research may, to some extent, enrich the theories and methods regarding the health of ecological system.