广义Lotke-Volterra生态模型的非线性奇摄动近似解
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O175.14,Q141

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Nonlinear singularly perturbed approximate solution for generalized Lotke-Volterra ecological model
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    摘要:

    非线性奇摄动问题在国际学术界中是一个重要的研究对象。它涉及到许多学科。在一些生态现象中,原始的研究方法只是采取某些简单观察和统计数据来得到结论。但是它对生态现象的实质的研究达不到效果。近来在国际上提出了研究生态学的动力学方法,即人们首先把它归化为代表它的现象本质的微分方程的模型,然后用数学方法来求解对应的方程,最后研究关于生物和数学理论的动力学方面的规律。目前,非线性摄动问题已经被广泛地研究。许多学者已经研究了一些近似理论。近似求解方法已被发展,包括平均法,边界层法,匹配渐近展开和多尺度法等等。研究非线性广义Lotke-Volterra捕食-被捕食生态模型,一个简单而有效的摄动方法被应用到捕食-被捕食生态模型。提出了捕食-被捕食的一个模型,它是一个微分方程系统,并用小的正参数按幂级数展开未知函数,然后得到关于幂级数的系数的方程,并求出它们的解。于是利用摄动方法得到了原问题解的渐近展开式。得到了它是原模型解是一个好的近似的结论,它是一个解析展开式并且能保持其解析运算。最后,给出了一个对应的例子,它说明得到的解具有很好的精度。

    Abstract:

    The nonlinear singularly perturbed problem is an important object of study in the international academic circles. It deals with many subjects. On the study of certain ecological phenomena, an original research adopts only some simple observational and statistical date to obtain the conclusion. But it cannot validly reflect its essence of the ecological phenomenon. Recently, the research some method of dynamics is produced for the study of ecology in international academic circles, i. e. the people first reduce it to the differential equation of model,which reflect its essential phenomenon and then solve the solution of the corresponding equation with mathematic methods; finally, study its dynamic rules upon the theory of biology and mathematics. Lately, the nonlinear perturbed problem has been widely investigated. Many scholars have considered the approximate theory. Approximate methods have been developed, including the method of averaging, boundary layer method, methods of matched asymptotic expansion and multiple scales and so on. This paper deal with the nonlinear generalized Lotke-Volterra prey-predator ecological model. A perturbation method, being simple and valid, is applied to study the prey-predator ecological model. The authors first provides a model of the prey-predator model, which is a system of differential equation and has developed the undermined functions in power series as small positive parameter. Then the equations of the coefficients for power series are obtained. And their solution is solved. Thus using the perturbation method the asymptotic expansions of solution for the original problem are obtained. The conclusion is that a good approximation for the original model comes to a solution, which is an analytic expression, and can keep on analytic operation. Lastly, a corresponding example is given, which show that obtained solution possesses a very good accuracy.

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莫嘉琪,王辉.广义Lotke-Volterra生态模型的非线性奇摄动近似解.生态学报,2007,27(10):4366~4270

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