The knowledge of net primary production (NPP) dynamics at regional scale will help to understand terrestrial carbon cycling, especially with respect to land use and global climate change. Guangdong province has high plant growth potential because of plenty of light, heat, and water resources in this region. Forest coverage increased significantly from less than 30% in the early 1980s to approximately 60% in 2000 owing to the launching of the "Greening Guangdong in 10 years", a provincial afforestation and reforestation project started in 1985. Meanwhile, economy growth has been fast in Guangdong province during the past 20 years. Long-term spatial and temporal NPP dynamics in Guangdong province are not well-known. To fill this knowledge gap, the spatial and temporal patterns of annual NPP from 1981 to 2000, derived from the global production efficiency model (GLO-PEM), were analyzed in this study. NPP patterns were compared at three spatial scales (i.e., province, region, and city) and among three major forest types (i.e., broadleaf, coniferous, and mixed). The results showed that for the entire province annual NPP varied between (1360±431) and (1626±471) g/(m2•a), with a mean value of (1480±407)g/(m2•a). NPP increased to the maximum value (1534±121 g/(m2•a)) in late 1980s (1986-1990) while decreased in early 1990s (1991-1995), and then recovered slightly in late 1990s (1996-2000). NPP differed distinctly across geographic regions, with the highest in the southwest coastal region, followed by the southeast coastal region, and the lowest in the inner land region. The differences were probably caused by vegetation composition, heat and water resources, and the distribution of the cropland. NPP dynamics of 21 cities were divided into three types. NPP kept stable in 12 cities including Shaoguan, Qingyuan, and Meizhou etc.NPP increased in Chaozhou, Shanwei, Zhanjiang and Jieyang, and decreased significantly (p<0.05) in 5 cities (i.e., Foshan, Zhongshan, Shenzhen, Dongguan and Zhuhai). The decrease of NPP in these 5 cites can partly be explained by land cover and land use changes (e.g., urbanization) driven by the economy development in the Pearl River Delta. NPP varied among the three major forest types. The mixed forest had the highest NPP, followed by the broadleaf forest and the conifer forest. Long-term mean NPP were (1364±390)g/(m2•a), (1391±372) g/(m2•a), and (1704±450)g/(m2•a) in the conifer, the broadleaf, and the mixed forest, respectively.