The effect of different fertilizer treatments on soil insect community at the black soil district in Jilin province was investigated in Aug. 2003. In 12 types of treatments, namely abandonment(ABAND), no-fertilizer treatment(CK), nitrogen fertilizer（N）, nitrogen and phosphor fertilizer（NP）, nitrogen and potassium fertilizer（NK）, phosphor and potassium fertilizer（PK）, nitrogen and phosphor and potassium fertilizer（NPK）, NPK with organic matter（fertilizer N∶organic N=1∶2）（M₁NPK）,150% NPK fertilizer with organic matter（1.5 MNPK）,NPK with straw (SNPK),Rotation（maize: soybean=2∶1）and the quantity of fertilizer being the same as（M1NPK）（Rot）,NPK fertilizer with organic matter（fertilizer N∶organic N=1∶1）（M2NPK）,144 soil samples had been collected and 9922 soil insects（187 unkown） individuals, belonging to 9 Orders and 48 families were obtained by hand-sorting and modified Tullgren methods. The result showed that the number of individual and group, the macrofauna reached their peaks in abandonment and N treatment, respectively, while mesofauna and microfauna in abandonment and rotation treatments showed that the distribution of the soil insect was related to fertilizer treatment. Of the 12 treatments, most dominant soil insect composition of the macrofauna was in 1.5MNPK,while mesofauna and microfauna were in M1NPK, the similarity coefficient between CK and other treatments was general low, and between rotation and other treatments general greater. The result by Kruskal- Wallis test indicated that the distribution of the crop soil insect was significantly impacted by different fertilizer treatments （X0.05（11）= 10.25，p<0.05）, indicating that the soil fauna community was affected by different fertilizer treatments, of which the rotation had negatively effected, and M2NPK positively effected on the dominant soil insect group, showing the effect of different fertilizers on inner environment of the soil ecosystem and then proceeded to the soil fauna community. The result by principal component analysis showed that the diversified fertilizer did not evenly effect on the soil insect，of which the greatest the number of cropland soil insect individuals, the least evenness of meso- and microfauna.