The four kinds of sites under different kinds of human disturbance were selected in the typical region of the Alashan Desert of Inner Mongolia from April to October 2002, from April 2003 to October 2003, and from April 2004 to October 2004, i.e. a farmland area, a rotational-grazing area, a over-grazing area and a prohibited-grazing area. The fluctuating tendency of rodent communities and the sensitive response of their populations were studied by using mark-recapture and trap-day methods. The four kinds of mark-recapture samples and of line samples were taken in different human disturbance areas. The area of the mark-recapturing sample was 0.96 hm² and that of the line sample was 10 km². The samples were collected every month in the mark-recapturing sites for 4 consecutive days and in line sites in April, July, and October every year. The variable matrix was composed of the numbers of captured rodents of the rodent communities. The sensitive response of the populations of the communities was analyzed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that there were different types of rodent communities under different kinds of human disturbance on two scales in three years. In each scale, there were large differences in both the number of species and number of main population in the rodent communities under different kinds of human disturbance on the farmland area and over-grazing area especially. The results of PCA showed that the sensitive response of the populations of the communities was significantly different under different kinds of human disturbance on the two scales in the three years. Cricetulus barabensis was the most sensitive on the farmland area, there were no differences in sensitive response of the various rodents on the rotational-grazing area, and Dipus sagitta and Phodopus roborovskii were the most sensitive on the over-grazing area.