Soil protozoa play an important role in soil ecosystem, especially making contributions to material cycling and energy transformation in soils. However, the difficulty in counting and taxonomic analysis limits the use of soil protozoa as bioindicator in terrestrial environments at present. In this regard, there is little literature available on the effects of POPs on soil protozoa. In order to acquire primary understanding of the toxicity of typical POPs on soil protozoa, the effects of DDT and lindane on the community structure and abundance of soil protozoa were assessed. Pot experiments simulating farm ecosystem were begun with the uncontaminated soils in China Agricultural University, the pesticides were then mixed into the soil at concentrations of 1, 10, 50 mg•kg^－１ dry soil for lindane and 1, 10, 50 mg•kg^－１ dry soil for DDT. Three replicates were used for each dose. The same procedure was employed to prepare a set of three control replicates without the pesticides. The pots were placed in a greenhouse for 60 days, and the abundance of soil protozoa was analyzed with the “three level ten-fold dilution method” at days 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60, and the residue level of lindane and DDT were analyzed.The results showed that the soil protozoa were sensitive to DDT and lindane. Compared with control group, the species and numbers of protozoa in soil samples treated by DDT and lindane decreased markedly, and the population structure and community were greatly demolished. The minimal abundance of flagellate and sarcodina in the DDT and lindane group was only 0.3% and 2.5% compared to that of control group, respectively, and the ciliates disappeared completely. The results suggested that the typical POPs in soil, even with low concentrations, could be greatly harmful to soil protozoa.