Urban lawns provide aesthetic and recreational values while delivering ecosystem services such as stormwater management and soil biodiversity conservation. Soil nematodes, characterized by small body size, short life cycle, and direct exposure to soil conditions, are sensitive indicators of soil health. This study used field surveys and laboratory work to analyze the effects of seasonal variations, anthropogenic disturbances, and their interactions on soil nematode communities in urban lawns. The results showed that: 1) Increasing anthropogenic disturbance significantly decreased vegetation coverage (COV) and soil water content (SWC), accompanied by marked declines in nematode density, taxonomic richness, maturity index (MI), structure index (SI), and OP/PP index, reflecting habitat degradation and soil micro-food web simplification. 2) Soil nematode communities exhibited pronounced seasonal dynamics, with favorable hydrothermal conditions and autumn litter input enhancing community development. 3) Significant interactions between seasonal variations and anthropogenic disturbances were detected. Seasonal effects were stronger under low disturbance, whereas anthropogenic impacts dominated under high disturbance. In lightly disturbed lawns, nematode biodiversity was slightly higher in spring than in winter, which can be attributed to the more favorable hydrothermal conditions in spring. The opposite pattern occurred in heavily disturbed lawns, indicating that trampling pressure overrides seasonal hydrothermal effects. 4) The soil micro-food web was dominated by the bacterial energy channel, while the contribution of the fungal energy channel increased with seasonal variations and litter input. Overall, rotational resting, replanting of bare patches, and partial retention of litter and mowing residues could enhance soil biodiversity and support soil fertility maintenance in urban lawns. This study advances the understanding of biodiversity conservation in urban green spaces and informs low-carbon lawn management and urban ecosystem sustainability.